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Physiology of Soccer-Intermittent Exercise
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Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1994;619:1-155. |
The physiology of
soccer--with special reference to intense intermittent exercise.
Bangsbo J.
August Krogh Institute, University of
Copenhagen, Denmark.
The present thesis is based on 14 original articles published in
international journals (I-XIV, see page 8) and a summarizing review. The
thesis deals with the physiological demands of soccer, with a particular
focus on the physiological response to repeated intense exercise. In
chapter I the specific issues are presented and in chapter II the
physiological demands in soccer are discussed based on the results of
the studies performed. Chapter III contains a short survey of the
experiments performed to study specifically muscle metabolism and muscle
fatigue with repeated intense muscle contractions. With reference to the
topics covered in chapters II and III, fatigue during a soccer match is
discussed in chapter IV, and chapter V deals with applications for
physical training in soccer. Measurements have been performed during
soccer matches and training, as well as in experiments simulating the
activities of a soccer match. The information obtained has been compared
to results from studies of the physical capacity of top-class soccer
players and from laboratory experiments aimed at investigating
metabolism and fatigue in intermittent exercise. Studies with whole-body
and single muscle group exercises have been performed, the latter mainly
with the application of a knee-extension model. In the studies on
isolated muscle groups, biopsies taken from exercising muscles as well
as arterial and femoral venous blood samples have allowed for detailed
analysis of muscle ionic transportation and metabolism. In addition, the
magnetic resonance technique has been used for the continuous
determination of changes in muscle metabolites and pH during
intermittent exercise. Analysis of activities during soccer matches
showed that a top-class soccer player covers an average distance of
approximately 11 km during a match. The distance differs highly between
players and is partly related to the position in a team. Midfield
players run more at low speed than defenders and forwards, whereas no
difference appears to exist between groups when comparing the distance
covered at high speed. The distance covered at high speed is the same in
the beginning as in the end of a match. The total distance covered by a
player during a soccer match is only to a limited extent a measure of
the physiological demands on the player during the match. In addition to
running, a player is engaged in many other energy demanding activities,
i.e. tackling, jumping, accelerating and turning. A more precise
evaluation of the total energy demand during a soccer match may be
achieved by performing physiological measurements in connection with
soccer matches (I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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